Paradigma Keadilan Sosial

Tafsir Sosial-Historis atas Ulangan 15:12-18 dan Relevansinya bagi Konteks Indonesia

Abstract

This study analyzes Deuteronomy 15:12-18 through a social-historical interpretive approach to uncover the dimensions of social justice embedded in the debt-slavery regulations of ancient Israelite society. Employing descriptive qualitative methods with library-based research, the study identifies three primary socio-theological principles, namely tzedakah (distributive justice), hesed (communal loving-kindness), and mishpat (legal order), as the foundation of the liberation system prescribed in the text. Linguistic analysis of key terms such as "eved," "chofshi," and "ha'aneik ta'anik" demonstrates that the text restructures the power relationship between master and slave toward a social solidarity that transcends mere legal obligation. This study argues that the rehabilitative principles in Deuteronomy 15:12-18, particularly the mandatory provision of resources upon release, offer an ethical paradigm relevant to contemporary issues of modern slavery, economic inequality, and the protection of migrant workers in present-day social contexts.

Abstrak

Kajian ini menganalisis Ulangan 15:12-18 melalui pendekatan tafsir sosial-historis untuk mengungkap dimensi keadilan sosial yang terkandung dalam regulasi perbudakan berbasis utang dalam masyarakat Israel kuno. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi literatur, kajian ini mengidentifikasi tiga prinsip teologis-sosial utama, yaitu tzedakah (keadilan distributif), hesed (kasih setia komunal), dan mishpat (ketertiban hukum) sebagai fondasi sistem pembebasan yang diatur dalam teks. Analisis linguistik terhadap kata kunci seperti "eved," "chofshi," dan "ha'aneik ta'anik” menunjukkan bahwa teks ini merancang ulang relasi kuasa antara majikan dan budak menuju solidaritas sosial yang melampaui kewajiban legal semata. Kajian ini berargumen bahwa prinsip rehabilitatif dalam Ulangan 15:12-18, khususnya kewajiban pemberian bekal pascapembebasan, menawarkan paradigma etis yang relevan bagi isu perbudakan modern, ketimpangan ekonomi, dan perlindungan pekerja migran dalam konteks sosial kontemporer.