Pedagogi Radikal untuk Pendidikan di Tanah Papua: Kajian Hermeneutik terhadap Matius 15:21-28 dalam Perspektif Etika Tanggung Jawab Lévinas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46929/graciadeo.v8i1.263Keywords:
education, Lévinas, Matthew 15, 21–28, Tanah Papua, radical pedagogy, Matius 15, pedagogi radikal, pendidikanAbstract
This paper explores educational inequality in Papua through Emmanuel Lévinas's ethics of responsibility and an interpretation of Matthew 15:21-28. The research method used is qualitative with a hermeneutic approach. In this article, I present three arguments. First, the interpretation of biblical texts can be used to transform life. Second, Lévinas's theory is insufficient in addressing educational issues in Papua. Third, remembering, reclaiming, and re-presenting, derived from the interpretation of Matthew 15:21-28, are three stages in radical pedagogy. Radical pedagogy is capable of addressing highly complex educational issues and providing prosperous living conditions for the people of Papua.
Abstrak
Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi ketimpangan pendidikan di tanah Papua melalui pendekatan etika tanggung jawab Emmanuel Lévinas dan penafsiran terhadap Matius 15:21–28. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutik. Dalam artikel ini, saya mengemukakan tiga argumen. Pertama, penafsiran terhadap teks Alkitab dapat digunakan untuk mentransformasi kehidupan. Kedua, teori Lévinas belum memadai dalam menjawab persoalan pendidikan di tanah Papua. Ketiga, remembering, reclaiming, dan re-presenting yang dihasilkan melalui penafsiran terhadap Matius 15:21-28 merupakan tiga tahapan dalam pedagogi radikal. Pedagogi radikal mampu menjawab isu pendidikan yang sangat kompleks serta memberi kehidupan yang sejahtera bagi masyarakat Papua.
References
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Asaro, Gona Akirso, Kimani Sabas, dan Kenneth Makokha. “Emmanuel Levinas Ethics of Responsibility as A Foundation for Ethical Relation.†Internasional Journal of Applied Science and Research 5, no. 4 (Juli - Agustus 2022): 152-158. https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5417.
Badan Pusat Statistik, Statistik Indonesia 2024. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2024. https://www.bps.go.id.
Baghi, Felix. Alteritas: Pengakuan, Hospitalitas, Persahabatan. Flores-NTT: Penerbit Ledalero, 2012.
Baldacci, Cristina. “Re-Presenting Art History.†dalam Over and Over and Over Again: Reenactment Strategies in Contemporary Arts and Theory, ed. Cristina Baldacci, Clio Nicastro, and Arianna Sforzini. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2022.
Bertens, K. Filsafat Barat Kontemporer Jilid II Prancis. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2019.
Drane, John. Memahami Perjanjian Baru: Pengantar Historis-Teologis. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2008.
Dube, Musa W. Postcolonial Feminist Interpretation of The Bible. United States of America: Chalice Press, 1964.
Ensiklopedi Alkitab Masa Kini. Jakarta: Yayasan Komunikasi Bina Kasih, 2008.
Freyne, Sean. “Galilee and Judaea in the First Century,†dalam The Cambridge History of Christianity Volume 1: Origins to Constantine, ed. Margaret M. Mitchell dan Frances M. Young. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Gnanadason, Aruna. “Jesus and the Asian Women: A Post-Colonial Look at the Syro-Phoenician Woman/Canaaite Woman From An Indian Perspective.†Studies in World Christianity 7, no. 2 (Oktober 2001): 163. https://doi.org/10.3366/swc.2001.7.2.162.
Ho, Yi Chien Jade, and Hui-Nien Lin, “Possibilities of a Radical Pedagogy of Place: Lessons from Kucapungane.†dalam Encountering Ideas of Place in Education, ed. Emma Rawlings Smith dan Susan Pike, 156-167. London: Routledge, 2024.
Kainara, Semi Darius, Ratmia Sarira, dan Ester Sugiarsi. “Membumikan Misi Kristen melalui Pendidikan di Tanah Papua.†Philoxenia: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani 1, no. 2 (Mei 2023): 134-142. https://ojs.sttkmu.ac.id/index.php/philoxenias/index.
Lévinas, Emmanuel. Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence, trans. Alphonso Lingis. Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 1991.
Lévinas, Emmanuel. Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority, trans. Alphonso Lingis. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 2007.
Magnis-Suseno, Franz. 12 Tokoh Etika Abad ke-20. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2000.
Mel, Deb Beatty. “Jesus and the Canaanite Woman: An Exception for Exceptional Faith.†Priscilla Papers 23, no. 4 (30 Oktober 2009). http://www.ebscohost.com.
Nanos, Mark D. “Paul’s Reversal of Jews Calling Gentiles ‘Dogs’ (Philippians 3:2): 1600 Years of an Ideological Tale Wagging an Exegetical Dog?†Biblical Interpretation 17, no. 4 (1 Januari 2009): 449, 453-456. https://doi.org/10.1163/156851508X329692.
Nortjé-Meyer, Lilly. â€The Homosexual Body Without Apology: A Positive Link Between The Canaanite Woman in Mathew 15:21-28 and Homosexual Interpretation of Biblical Texts.†Religion and Theology 9/1&2 (2002). http://www.ebscohost.com.
Perpich, Diane. The Ethics of Emmanuel Lévinas. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2008.
Pui-Lan, Kwok. Introducing Asian Feminist Theology. England: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd, 2000.
Putri, Rayinda Sephira, dan Athor Subroto. “Peningkatan Dana Anggaran Pendidikan Terhadap Ketimpangan Pendidikan (Studi Kasus: Provinsi Papua).†Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional 3, no.2 (11 Mei 2020): 76-83. https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jkskn/vol3/iss2/7.
Rahman, Zainul dan Dede Sri Kartini. “Analisis Dampak Otonomi Khusus dalam Upaya Optimalisasi Sektor Pendidikan di Provinsi Papua.†Spirit Publik: Jurnal Administrasi Publik 18, no. 2 (2023): 127-138. https://doi.org/10.20961/sp.v18i2.72392.
Randall, Jennifer. “Engaging Critical Pedagogy within Global Health Teaching and Learning.†dalam Social Science Perspectives on Global Public Health, ed. Vincent La Placa dan Julia Morgan, 59-67. London: Routledge, 2022.
Sangadji, Etta Mamang, dan Sopiah. Metodologi Penelitian - Pendekatan Praktis dalam Penelitian. Yogyakarta: ANDI, 2010.
Schnelle, Udo. The History and Theology of the New Testament Writings. London: SCM Press Ltd, 1998.
Suryahadi, Asep, dan Prio Sambodho. Kertas Kerja SMERU: Penilaian Kebijakan untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Guru dan Mengurangi Ketidakhadiran Guru (The SMERU Research Institute, 2017. https://smeru.or.id/ id/file/1609/download?token=k3Sdo3kQ.
Tan, Paulus Satyo Istandar. “Pengembangan Pendidikan di Papua: Perspektif Agama dan Perubahan Sosial.†SOSCIED 2, no. 2 (November 2019): 98-102. https://doi.org/10.32531/jsoscied.v2i2.616.
Tryatmoko, Mardyanto Wahyu, Cahyo Pamungkas, Rosita Dewi, Luis Feneteruma, Anggi Afriansyah, dan Yusuf Maulana. Policy Paper: Pembenahan Otonomi Khusus untuk Penyelesaian Konflik Papua. Jakarta: Kedeputian IPSK LIPI, 2021. https://most-unesco.brin.go.id/2021/09/ policy-paper-pembenahan-otonomi-khususuntuk-penyelesaian-konflik-papua.
Afriansyah, Anggi. “Refleksi Dua Puluh Tahun Pembangunan Pendidikan di Tanah Papua (2001-2021).†Jurnal Masyarakat Indonesia 48, no. 1 (2022): 63-77. Penerbit BRIN.
Asaro, Gona Akirso, Kimani Sabas, dan Kenneth Makokha. “Emmanuel Levinas Ethics of Responsibility as A Foundation for Ethical Relation.†Internasional Journal of Applied Science and Research 5, no. 4 (Juli - Agustus 2022): 152-158. https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5417.
Badan Pusat Statistik, Statistik Indonesia 2024. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2024. https://www.bps.go.id.
Baghi, Felix. Alteritas: Pengakuan, Hospitalitas, Persahabatan. Flores-NTT: Penerbit Ledalero, 2012.
Baldacci, Cristina. “Re-Presenting Art History.†dalam Over and Over and Over Again: Reenactment Strategies in Contemporary Arts and Theory, ed. Cristina Baldacci, Clio Nicastro, and Arianna Sforzini. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2022.
Bertens, K. Filsafat Barat Kontemporer Jilid II Prancis. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2019.
Drane, John. Memahami Perjanjian Baru: Pengantar Historis-Teologis. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2008.
Dube, Musa W. Postcolonial Feminist Interpretation of The Bible. United States of America: Chalice Press, 1964.
Ensiklopedi Alkitab Masa Kini. Jakarta: Yayasan Komunikasi Bina Kasih, 2008.
Freyne, Sean. “Galilee and Judaea in the First Century,†dalam The Cambridge History of Christianity Volume 1: Origins to Constantine, ed. Margaret M. Mitchell dan Frances M. Young. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Gnanadason, Aruna. “Jesus and the Asian Women: A Post-Colonial Look at the Syro-Phoenician Woman/Canaaite Woman From An Indian Perspective.†Studies in World Christianity 7, no. 2 (Oktober 2001): 163. https://doi.org/10.3366/swc.2001.7.2.162.
Ho, Yi Chien Jade, and Hui-Nien Lin, “Possibilities of a Radical Pedagogy of Place: Lessons from Kucapungane.†dalam Encountering Ideas of Place in Education, ed. Emma Rawlings Smith dan Susan Pike, 156-167. London: Routledge, 2024.
Kainara, Semi Darius, Ratmia Sarira, dan Ester Sugiarsi. “Membumikan Misi Kristen melalui Pendidikan di Tanah Papua.†Philoxenia: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani 1, no. 2 (Mei 2023): 134-142. https://ojs.sttkmu.ac.id/index.php/philoxenias/index.
Lévinas, Emmanuel. Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence, trans. Alphonso Lingis. Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 1991.
Lévinas, Emmanuel. Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority, trans. Alphonso Lingis. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press, 2007.
Magnis-Suseno, Franz. 12 Tokoh Etika Abad ke-20. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2000.
Mel, Deb Beatty. “Jesus and the Canaanite Woman: An Exception for Exceptional Faith.†Priscilla Papers 23, no. 4 (30 Oktober 2009). http://www.ebscohost.com.
Nanos, Mark D. “Paul’s Reversal of Jews Calling Gentiles ‘Dogs’ (Philippians 3:2): 1600 Years of an Ideological Tale Wagging an Exegetical Dog?†Biblical Interpretation 17, no. 4 (1 Januari 2009): 449, 453-456. https://doi.org/10.1163/156851508X329692.
Nortjé-Meyer, Lilly. â€The Homosexual Body Without Apology: A Positive Link Between The Canaanite Woman in Mathew 15:21-28 and Homosexual Interpretation of Biblical Texts.†Religion and Theology 9/1&2 (2002). http://www.ebscohost.com.
Perpich, Diane. The Ethics of Emmanuel Lévinas. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2008.
Pui-Lan, Kwok. Introducing Asian Feminist Theology. England: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd, 2000.
Putri, Rayinda Sephira, dan Athor Subroto. “Peningkatan Dana Anggaran Pendidikan Terhadap Ketimpangan Pendidikan (Studi Kasus: Provinsi Papua).†Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional 3, no.2 (11 Mei 2020): 76-83. https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jkskn/vol3/iss2/7.
Rahman, Zainul dan Dede Sri Kartini. “Analisis Dampak Otonomi Khusus dalam Upaya Optimalisasi Sektor Pendidikan di Provinsi Papua.†Spirit Publik: Jurnal Administrasi Publik 18, no. 2 (2023): 127-138. https://doi.org/10.20961/sp.v18i2.72392.
Randall, Jennifer. “Engaging Critical Pedagogy within Global Health Teaching and Learning.†dalam Social Science Perspectives on Global Public Health, ed. Vincent La Placa dan Julia Morgan, 59-67. London: Routledge, 2022.
Sangadji, Etta Mamang, dan Sopiah. Metodologi Penelitian - Pendekatan Praktis dalam Penelitian. Yogyakarta: ANDI, 2010.
Schnelle, Udo. The History and Theology of the New Testament Writings. London: SCM Press Ltd, 1998.
Suryahadi, Asep, dan Prio Sambodho. Kertas Kerja SMERU: Penilaian Kebijakan untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Guru dan Mengurangi Ketidakhadiran Guru (The SMERU Research Institute, 2017. https://smeru.or.id/ id/file/1609/download?token=k3Sdo3kQ.
Tan, Paulus Satyo Istandar. “Pengembangan Pendidikan di Papua: Perspektif Agama dan Perubahan Sosial.†SOSCIED 2, no. 2 (November 2019): 98-102. https://doi.org/10.32531/jsoscied.v2i2.616.
Tryatmoko, Mardyanto Wahyu, Cahyo Pamungkas, Rosita Dewi, Luis Feneteruma, Anggi Afriansyah, dan Yusuf Maulana. Policy Paper: Pembenahan Otonomi Khusus untuk Penyelesaian Konflik Papua. Jakarta: Kedeputian IPSK LIPI, 2021. https://most-unesco.brin.go.id/2021/09/ policy-paper-pembenahan-otonomi-khususuntuk-penyelesaian-konflik-papua.
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